Lesson plan · Ages 13–16 · introductory
Change one thing
Hold eight dials fixed and test how dark energy changes structure formation.
35–45 min
Pairs or groups of 3
Identify independent, dependent and controlled variables in a repeatable simulation.
Learning objectives
- ✓Name the independent, dependent and controlled variables.
- ✓Use a baseline and changed case to support a causal claim.
- ✓Separate what the Tuner displays from what the real universe has measured.
Teacher preparation
- 01Open both controlled universes once before class.
- 02Put students in pairs: one operator, one recorder; swap roles after the first run.
- 03Emphasize that only Λ changes between cases.
Procedure
Predict
Define the independent variable (Λ), the dependent result and the eight controls. Students sketch what stronger expansion might do before opening the second universe.
Run the pair
Open Our universe, record its projected fate and visible structure, then ignite. Repeat with Λ = 80. Do not touch another dial.
Claim from a contrast
Write a claim supported by the difference between the two runs. Name at least one fact the contrast cannot establish.
Share and challenge
Groups exchange claims and check whether the evidence actually comes from the controlled comparison.
Controlled universes
2dwf5gub5fzgontdw3
Baseline · our settings
Structures form and the model reaches observers.
Expected toy-model result: success
Launch in classroom mode →2dwf5gulpfzgontdw3
Test · Λ = 80× ours
Expansion outruns the assembly of galaxies.
Expected toy-model result: lonely
Launch in classroom mode →Discussion questions
- 1.Why is Our universe a necessary baseline?
- 2.What would go wrong if Q changed at the same time as Λ?
- 3.Does the result prove that Λ = 80 is impossible, or only what this model predicts?
Assessment
A strong response correctly labels all three variable roles, cites both runs and limits the conclusion to the toy model.